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Following the developments in formal logic with symbolic logic in the late nineteenth century and mathematical logic in the twentieth, topics traditionally treated by logic not being part of formal logic have tended to be termed either ''philosophy of logic'' or ''philosophical logic'' if no longer simply ''logic''. Compared to the history of logic the demarcation between philosophy of logic and philosophical logic is of recent coinage and not always entirely clear. Characterisations include * Philosophy of logic is the area of philosophy devoted to examining the scope and nature of logic. * Philosophy of logic is the investigation, critical analysis and intellectual reflection on issues arising in logic. The field is considered to be distinct from philosophical logic. * Philosophical logic is the branch of study that concerns questions about reference, predication, identity, truth, quantification, existence, entailment, modality, and necessity.〔Lowe, E. J.. ''Forms of Thought: A Study in Philosophical Logic''. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.〕 * Philosophical logic is the application of formal logical techniques to philosophical problems.〔Russell, Gillian (Thoughts, Arguments, and Rants ), ''Jc's Column''.〕 This article outlines issues in philosophy of logic or provides links to relevant articles or both. ==Introduction== This article makes use the following terms and concepts: * Type–token distinction * Use–mention distinction 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philosophy of logic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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